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Glossary

# Title Search

An investigation of public records to verify the ownership history, legal claims, and encumbrances on a property before purchase.

## What is a Title Search?

A title search is a legal investigation that traces a property's ownership history by examining registered documents at the Sub-Registrar's office. It involves reviewing every transfer of the property from the Mother Deed to the current owner, checking for completeness and legal validity at each step. A title search is typically conducted by a property lawyer or title examiner with experience in the specific jurisdiction's land laws and registration practices.

## Title search process

The process begins with obtaining an Encumbrance Certificate for 30 or more years. Each registered transaction in the chain is then traced and examined — the lawyer verifies that the seller in each transaction was the legitimate owner at the time of sale, that all transfers were properly executed and registered, and that no court decrees, government acquisition notices, or attachments affect the property. The findings are cross-referenced with revenue records — Patta, Chitta, and A-Register — to ensure consistency between the registration records and revenue records.

## Title opinion and certification

After completing the title search, the lawyer issues a 'title opinion' or 'legal opinion' — a written assessment of the title's quality. This document states whether the title is clear (no defects), marketable (can be transferred without legal risk), or defective (has issues that may affect ownership). Banks and financial institutions require a positive title opinion before disbursing property loans. For land acquisition teams, the title opinion is a critical go/no-go decision document — a defective title opinion should halt the acquisition until the defects are resolved.

## Related Terms

[Mother Deed (Origin Document)The original deed through which a property was first acquired or from which the current chain of ownership originates.](/glossary/mother-deed)[Encumbrance Certificate (EC)A registration-search certificate reporting the indexed entries returned for a described property, office, and period.](/glossary/encumbrance-certificate)[Due Diligence (Land)A comprehensive investigation of a land parcel's legal title, physical condition, regulatory compliance, and financial viability before purchase.](/glossary/due-diligence)[Sale Deed (Registered Conveyance)A legally registered document that transfers ownership of immovable property from seller to buyer.](/glossary/sale-deed)

## Keep exploring

Connect your land intelligence workflow with these powerful tools.

[Document VerificationStreamline title search workflows and document every finding.](/features/document-verification)[Audit TrailRecord title search findings and legal opinions in an immutable audit log.](/features/audit-trail)

Last verified 30 September 2026

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